International Journal of Earth Sciences and Engineering

Chadetrik Rout ¹, Baldev Setia ², Gourisankar Bhattacharya ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN
2 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, IN

Abstract

This study assessed the heavy metal concentration in groundwater for domestic purposes in the Nalagarh tehsil of Solan district in terms of spatial variations in the heavy metal ions fluxes. The monitoring was done for the pre-monsoon season of 2012 and eight heavy metals was considered. The mean Cd²⁺, Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Fe²⁺, Cu²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺ content at twenty-five sampling locations were found in the range of 0.02-0.068, 0-0.0035, 0.013-0.139, 0.002-0.06, 0.001-0.09, 0.003-0.08, 0.075-0.488, 0,001-0.389 mg/l respectively. The total heavy metal ions flux in the groundwater of the study area was found to be 11.104 mg/l. The presence of heavy metal ions in the groundwater samples suggests that, assessment of water quality parameters and water quality management practices should be done periodically in order to protect the valuable but limited fresh water resources. Principal component analysis was used to identify the major contributing factor of contamination and also to examine the spatial changes of groundwater quality of the study area.

Keywords

Groundwater, Heavy Metals, Correlation Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Biplot.

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Chadetrik Rout ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

According to the Hindu mythology, river Yamuna is considered as one of the most sacred rivers after the Ganges. In this study water quality of the river Yamuna was assessed at four different sampling locations during the months of May to August 2014. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, Cl^- and SO42- were analyzed and the observed results were compared with the standard limits of BIS and WHO. The mean pH, EC, turbidity, TDS, DO, BOD, COD, Cl- and SO42- values at the four sampling sites were observed in the range of 7.81-8.00, 1046.5-1195.3 μS/cm, 27.0-37.3 NTU, 856.5-936.0 mg/l, 4.5-5.2 mg/l, 19.3-25.8 mg/l, 58.0-85.0 mg/l, 242.5-267.0 mg/l and 97.75-114.0 mg/l respectively. The results on the water quality parameters of Yamuna river indicate that the river is not safe for domestic purposes.

Keywords

Water Quality, River Water, BIS, WHO, Physico-Chemical.

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M. Anwar Khwaja ¹, Vanita Aggarwal ¹, G. S. Bhattacharya ¹, Chadetrik Rout ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Civil Engineering, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, IN

Abstract

The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality of Hapur city, Uttar Pradesh. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 shallow wells and analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Water quality index (WQI) was calculated to show the overall water quality status in a single term. The results of this study revealed that the concentration of alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, nitrate, fluoride and chlorides is higher than the permissible limits as prescribed by the Bureau of Indian standards. The WQI for all samples were found in the range of 12 to 211. This study indicates that the drinking water of the city do not conform to the recommended standards and hence it is suggested to take rational steps to manage water quality in this region before it becomes a crisis, as this will affect the economy and will also lead to various water-borne diseases.

Keywords

Physico-Chemical Parameters, Groundwater, Water Quality Index, Rain Water Harvesting.

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